ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess adherence of the prescribing physicians in a private cancer care center to the American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline for antiemetic prophylaxis, in the first cycle of antineoplastic chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 139 chemotherapy regimens, of 105 patients, were evaluated retrospectively from 2011 to 2013. Results: We observed 78% of non-adherence to the guideline rate. The main disagreements with the directive were the prescription of higher doses of dexamethasone and excessive use of 5-HT3 antagonist for low risk emetogenic chemotherapy regimens. On univariate analysis, hematological malignancies (p=0.005), the use of two or more chemotherapy (p=0.05) and high emetogenic risk regimes (p=0.012) were factors statistically associated with greater adherence to guidelines. Treatment based on paclitaxel was the only significant risk factor for non-adherence (p=0.02). By multivariate analysis, the chemotherapy of high emetogenic risk most correlated with adherence to guideline (p=0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that the adherence to guidelines is greater if the chemotherapy regime has high emetogenic risk. Educational efforts should focus more intensely on the management of chemotherapy regimens with low and moderate emetogenic potential. Perhaps the development of a computer generated reminder may improve the adherence to guidelines. .
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão dos médicos prescritores, de um centro privado especializado em oncologia, à diretriz de antiêmese profilática da American Society of Clinical Oncology, no primeiro ciclo de quimioterapia antineoplásica. Métodos: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 139 esquemas de quimioterapia, de 105 pacientes, tratados no período de 2011 a 2013. Resultados: Foram observados 78% de taxa de não adesão à diretriz. As principais discordâncias com a diretriz foram prescrição de doses mais elevadas de dexametasona e uso excessivo de antagonista 5-HT3 para regimes de quimioterapia de risco emetogênico baixo. Pela análise univariada, malignidades hematológicas (p=0,005), uso de dois ou mais quimioterápicos (p=0,05) e regimes de alto risco emetogênico (p=0,012) foram fatores estatisticamente associados a maior adesão à diretriz. O tratamento baseado em paclitaxel foi o único fator estatisticamente significativo para a não adesão (p=0,02). Pela análise multivariada, a quimioterapia de alto risco emetogênico apresentou maior correlação com a adesão à diretriz (p=0,05). Conclusão: Houve maior aderência para a quimioterapia de alto risco emetogênico. Esforços educacionais devem se concentrar mais intensamente na gestão de regimes de quimioterapia com potencial emetogênico baixo e moderado. Talvez o desenvolvimento de lembretes gerados por sistemas informatizados possa melhorar a aderência à diretriz. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , DNA Damage , Recombinational DNA Repair , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry , Amino Acid Motifs , Amino Acid Sequence , BRCA1 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors , Cell Line , Chromosome Breakage , Conserved Sequence , DNA Repair , DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism , Histones/metabolism , Protein Structure, Tertiary , Ubiquitination , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Theoretically human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into all human cell types. Therefore, the greatest promise of hESCs-based therapy is to replace the damaged tissues of patients suffering from traumatic or degenerative diseases by the exact same type of cells derived from hESCs. Allo-graft immune rejection is one of the obstacles for hESCs-based clinical applications. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) II leads to CD4+ T cells-mediated allograft rejection. Hence, we focus on optimizing hESCs for clinic application through gene modification. RESULTS: Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) were used to target MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) in hESCs efficiently. CIITA(-/-)hESCs did not show any difference in the differentiation potential and self-renewal capacity. Dendritic cells (DCs) derived from CIITA(-/-)hESCs expressed CD83 and CD86 but without the constitutive HLA II. Fibroblasts derived from CIITA(-/-)hESCs were powerless in IFN-γ inducible expression of HLA II. CONCLUSION: We generated HLA II defected hESCs via deleting CIITA, a master regulator of constitutive and IFN-γ inducible expression of HLA II genes. CIITA(-/-)hESCs can differentiate into tissue cells with non-HLA II expression. It's promising that CIITA(-/-)hESCs-derived cells could be used in cell therapy (e.g., T cells and DCs) and escape the attack of receptors' CD4+ T cells, which are the main effector cells of cellular immunity in allograft.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Mice , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Trans-Activators/genetics , Cell Differentiation/genetics , Gene Deletion , Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism , Human Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism , Teratoma , Dendritic Cells/metabolism , Immunoglobulins/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Interferon-gamma/metabolism , Mice, SCID , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Deoxyribonucleases/classification , B7-2 Antigen/metabolism , Embryoid Bodies/metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Karyotype , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Cell Self Renewal , Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolismABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To obtain a decellularized tracheal scaffold associating traditional approaches with the novel light-emitting diode (LED) proposal. METHODS: This study was performed with New Zealand adult rabbits weighing 3.0 - 4.0 kg. Different protocols (22) were used combining physical (agitation and LED irradiation), chemical (SDS and Triton X-100 detergents), and enzymatic methods (DNase and RNase). RESULTS: Generally, the cells surrounding soft tissues were successfully removed, but none protocol removed cells from the tracheal cartilage. However, longer protocols were more effective. The cost-benefits relation of the enzymatic processes was not favorable. It was possible to find out that the cartilaginous tissue submitted to the irradiation with LED 630nm and 475 nm showed an increased number of gaps without cells, but several cells were observed to be still present. CONCLUSION: The light-emitting diode is a promising tool for decellularization of soft tissues. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Light , Tissue Scaffolds , Tissue Engineering/methods , Trachea/ultrastructure , Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism , Detergents/pharmacology , Extracellular Matrix/ultrastructure , Ribonucleases/metabolism , Trachea/drug effects , Trachea/enzymologyABSTRACT
In this study, the bacteriological examination of 130 street marketing milk samples and 251 milk product samples revealed that 47 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were recovered from 130 milk samples with a percentage of 36% and 31 isolates of S.aureus were recovered from 251 milk product samples with a percentage of 12.4%. The pathogenic activity of the isolated S.aureus from milk and milk products were studied including Heamolytic activity, DNase activity and coagulase activity. The results proved that 70 isolates out of 78 tested isolates were Heamolytic and 72 isolates have DNase activity and 60 isolates have coagulase activity. By using latex slide agglutination Test was used for detection of Protein A in isolated S.aureus from milk samples. The results proved that 46 out of 47 isolates contained protein A. Concerning the ice cream samples 11 out of 13 tested isolates contained protein A. and 16 out of 18 tested isolates from Kariesh cheese contained protein A. The results showed that, out of 78 tested isolates 20 isolates were proved to be enterotoxin A producer, 2 isolates were enterotoxin B producer and 5 isolates were enterotoxin C producer by using ELISA
Subject(s)
Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Bacterial Toxins/toxicity , Dairy Products/toxicity , Prevalence , Agglutination Tests/methods , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Marketing , Coagulase/metabolism , Deoxyribonucleases/metabolismABSTRACT
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is a pivotal proinflammatory cytokine. To investigate the mechanism of IL-1beta-induced cell death in human malignant melanoma A375-S2 cells, MTT assay, photomicroscopical observation, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay and Western blot analysis were carried out. IL-1beta did not only induce nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation, but also increased degradation of two substrates of caspase-3, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD). Simultaneously, release of precursor of IL-1beta (pro-IL-1beta) and endogenous IL-1beta production were involved in the apoptotic process. IL-1beta enhanced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and Bax/Bcl-xL expression and up-regulated apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) expression, which required the activation of downstream caspases. These results suggest that IL-1beta induces endogenous IL-1beta production, enhances cleavage of caspase downstream substrates and promotes mitochondria mediated apoptosis in A375-S2 cells.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis/drug effects , Blotting, Western , Caspase 1/metabolism , Caspases/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Comparative Study , DNA Fragmentation/drug effects , Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Interleukin-1/biosynthesis , Interleukin-6/pharmacology , Lymphotoxin-alpha/pharmacology , Melanoma/metabolism , Mitochondria/physiology , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/biosynthesis , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The presence of acid and alkaline DNases in nuclei of chick brain cells has been demonstrated. The activities of these two DNases along with those of DNA-polymerases were assessed in chicken tissues with known varied cell proliferative capacities (eg., spleen, kidney and brain) at different ages. The results indicate that the acid and alkaline DNases are probably the 'house keeping' enzymes with a constitutive role in DNA repair process, the former with a DNA-repair process that is linked to cell proliferation (DNA synthesis) while the latter with the basal DNA-repair operations that must go on at all times without any regard to the cell division process. Chicken brain, unlike that of rat, possesses significant levels of aphidicolin sensitive DNA-polymerase(s) that are considered to be more replication oriented enzymes suggesting that the replication potential of adult and old avian brain cells may be different from that of a mammalian brain.
Subject(s)
Aging/metabolism , Animals , Chick Embryo , Chickens , DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism , Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
A simplified medium was developed for the detection of DNase produced by enteric campylobacters. Sensitivity and reproducibility of the test were similar to that of the improved toluidine blue DNA agar method. Logistically, the simplified DNA hydrolysis test was cheaper (5.5 times) than the earlier medium. Based on this study we recommend the routine use of the simplified medium to perform the DNase test for biotyping enteric campylobacters.
Subject(s)
Campylobacter/classification , Culture Media , DNA/metabolism , Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism , Humans , HydrolysisABSTRACT
Dye-binding assays were employed to study the effects of penicillin on the production of hyaluronidase and deoxyribonuclease by a group C streptococcal strain. Enzymatic activities were measured in supernates of bacterial cultures that had been exposed to low concentrations of the drug during growth. The addition of antibiotic resulted in an increase in the production of hyaluronidase and in a decrease in that of deoxyribonuclease. These alterations in the elaboration of extracellular substances and their release into the frowth environment could be of importance as the Streptococcus is affected in vivo during treatment with penicillin.
Subject(s)
Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/metabolism , Penicillins/pharmacology , Streptococcus/enzymology , Deoxyribonucleases/biosynthesis , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/biosynthesisABSTRACT
La secreción de hormona paratiroidea (PTH) se ha caracterizado con una preparación de células individuales, obtenidas mediante digestión enzimática de glándulas paratiroides previamente fragmentadas, obtenidas quirúrgicamente d diferentes especies, incluida la humana. Esta preparación permite establecer condiciones experimentales controladas, imposibles de obtener en vivo. Tiene además la ventaja de conservar todas las funciones secretoras de las células intactas, inclusive, las de los tejidos anormales. Este trabajo describe las modificaciones metodológicas necesarias para obtener una preparación de células paratiroideas a partir de glándulas caninas, especie en la que el metabolismo mineral es muy similar al del humano y que se puede estudiar experimentalmente con facilidad. Demonstramos que, en estas células, tanto el curso temporal como la influencia de las concentraciones extracelulares de calcio influyen de manera normal en la secreción de PTH, misma que aumentó sobre la secreción basal hasta 264.4 ñ 53.9 pg/10 células cuando la concentración extracelular de calcio fue de 0.5 mM y hasta 212 ñ 51.1 pg/10 células a concentración extracelular de calcio de 2.0 mM (p < 0.05). La región linear del incremento temporal en secreción de PTH mostró una correlación altamente significativa en ambas concentraciones de calcio (0.5 mM r = 0.93, 2mM r = 0.97). Concluimos que utilizando este método se obtiene células paratiroideas individuales, viables, que conservan su capacidad secretora intacta, aplicables al estudio del funcionamiento paratiroideo canino in vitro
Subject(s)
Dogs , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Parathyroid Glands/physiology , Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism , Microbial Collagenase/metabolismABSTRACT
Foram testadas 40 amostras de S. aureus (coagulase-positivas) e 17 de S. epidermidis (coagulase-negativas) isoladas de pacientes e servidores, de leito e do ar do Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, através de um método simples para detectar nuclease termoestável ou termorresistente (TNAse), pela técnica descrita por Lachica & col. Num estudo comparativo com os testes de coagulase em tubo e produçäo de DNAse. Todas as amostras de S. aureus testadas apresentaram atividade de termonuclease e positividade nas provas de coagulase e DNAse. Nenhuma amostra de S. epidermidis testada exibiu atividade de termonuclease, resultado concordante com as provas de coagulase e DNAse. A correspondência entre os resultados do teste para nuclease termorresistente as provas de coagulase em tubo e DNAse confirma dados da literatura e o indica como medida simples para rotina de identificaçäo de S. aureus, assim como para controle de qualidade daquelas provas